PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.